Animal Welfare Network

of Lane County





Toxic Plants, Fruits and Vegetables and Their Symptoms

 

Aloe (Aloe Vera): vomiting, depression, diarrhea, anorexia, tremors, change in urine color

 

Amaryllis: vomiting, depression, diarrhea, abdominal pain, hyper salivation, anorexia, tremors

 

American Bittersweet: weakness, convulsions, gastroenteritis (vomiting, diarrhea)

 

Andromeda Japonica, Azalea, Rhododendron: vomiting, diarrhea, hyper salivation, weakness, coma, hypotension, CNS depression, cardiovascular collapse and death

 

Asparagus Fern, Emerald Feather (aka Emerald Fern), Lace Fern, Plumosa Fern: allergic dermatitis with

repeated dermal exposure. Berry ingestion could result in gastric upset (vomiting, abdominal pain, or diarrhea.)

 

Australian Nut: depression, hyperthermia, weakness, muscular stiffness, vomiting, tremors, increased heart rate. Only reported in dogs at this time.

 

Autumn Crocus: oral irritation, bloody vomiting, diarrhea, shock, multi-organ damage, bone marrow suppression

 

Avocado: vomiting, diarrhea, death, inflammation of mammary glands, cardiac failure, respiratory distress, generalized congestion, fluid accumulation around the heart

 

Bird of Paradise: gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea, vomiting, lack of coordination is possible. Deaths in rabbits have been reported

 

Branching Ivy: allergic dermatitis with repeated dermal exposure. Berry ingestion could result in gastric upset (vomiting, abdominal pain or diarrhea)

 

Buckeye: severe gastroenteritis, depression or hyper excitability, dilated pupils, coma

 

Buddhist Pine: severe vomiting and diarrhea

 

Caladium hortulanum, Calla lily, Ceriman (aka Cutleaf Phiodendron, Charming Diffenbachia, Chinese Evergreen, Cordatum, Devil' Ivy, Dub Crane, Elephant Ears, Fruit Salad Plant, Flamingo Plant, Golden Deiffenbachia, Golden Pothos, Green Gold Nephthysis, Heartleaf Philodendron, Horsehead, Marble Queen, Mauna Loa Peace Lily, Nephthyti, Peace Lity, Philodendron, Hurricane Plant, Lacy Tree, Mexican Breadfruit, Mother-in-Law, Panda, Philodendron Pertusum, Red Emerald, Red Princess, Saddle Lef Philodendron, Poinsettia, Satin Pothos, Scheffiera Tree, Spotted Dumb Cane, Swiss Cheese Plant, Taro Vine, Tropic Snow Dumbcane, Variable, (Dumb Cane) Dieffenbachia, Veriegated Philodendron: oral irritation, intense burning and irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting, difficulty in swallowing

 

Castor Bean: (beans are very toxic): oral irritation burning of the mouth and throat, increase in thirst, vomiting, diarrhea, kidney failure, convulsions

 

Chinaberry Tree: Berries are most toxic. Can see slow heart rate, diarrhea, vomiting, depression, weakness, seizures, and shock

 

Christmas Rose: abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, convulsions, delirium

 

Clematis: vomiting, diarrhea, oral ulcers, ataxia or vesicant action

 

Corn Plant (aka Cornstalk Plant), Fiddle-Leaf Philodendron, Florida Beauty, Gold Dust Dracaena, Madagascar Dragon Tree, Ribbon Plant, Red-Margined Dracaena, Striped Dracaena, Warneckei Dracaena:

In cats: dilated pupils, breathing difficulty, abdominal pain, increased heart rate.

In cats and dogs: vomiting depression, in appetence, drooling, lack of coordination and weakness.

 

Creeping Charlie: sweating, drooling

 

Cycads, Sago Palm Shrubs: vomiting, melena, icterus, increased thirst, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, bruising, coagulopathy, liver damage, liver failure, death

 

Cyclamen: vomiting, gastrointestinal inflammation, and death.

 

Daffodil, Narcissus: severe gastrointestinal disorders, convulsions, shivering, hypotension, dermatitis, muscular tremors and cardiac arrhythmias

 

Day Lily, Orange Day Lily, Asian Lily (liliaceae), Easter Lily, Japanese Show Lily, Red Lily, Rubrum Lily, Stargazer Lily, Tiger Lily, Wood Lily: vomiting, inaptness, lethargy, kidney failure, (Cats are only species known to be affected.)

 

English Ivy, Glacier Ivy, Hahn's self branching English Ivy, Needlepoint Ivy: (The foliage is more toxic than the berries.) gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea, hyperactivity, breathing difficulty, coma, fever, polydipsia, dilated pupils, muscular weakness, and lack of coordination

 

European Bittersweet: drooling, inappetence, severe gastric upset, drowsiness, lethargy, weakness, dilated pupils, slow heart rate

 

Foxglove: cardiac arrhythmias, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, delirium

 

Gladiolas, Iris: vomiting occasionally with blood, depression, diarrhea, occasionally with blood, hyper salivation, abdominal pain

 

Glory Lily: oral irritation, bloody vomiting, diarrhea, shock, kidney and liver damage, bone marrow suppression

 

Heavenly Bamboo shrub: cyanosis, pale mucous membranes, slow heart rate, vomiting, diarrhea, respiratory congestion, seizures, semi-coma, respiratory failure, death

 

Holly shrub: intense vomiting and diarrhea, depression, also same symptoms as Jerusalem Cherry (see below)

 

Hyacinth: intense vomiting, diarrhea, occasionally with blood, depression and tremors

 

Hydrangea: vomiting, depression, anorexia, diarrhea, bufodienalides are cardio toxic

 

Japanese Yew (aka Yew): sudden death from acute cardiac failure, early signs muscular tremors, dyspnea, and seizures in dogs

 

Jerusalem Cherry shrub: gastrointestinal disturbances, possible ulceration of the gastrointestinal system, seizures, depression, respiratory depression, and shock

 

Lily of the Valley: ataxia, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias, death

 

Macadamia Nut/Queensland Nut: depression, hyperthermia, weakness, muscular stiffness, vomiting, tremors, increased heart rate. Only reported in dogs at this time.

 

Marijuana: prolonged CNS depression, respiratory depression, weakness, ataxia, sedation, sometimes hyper excitation

 

Mistletoe "American" shrub: gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular collapse, dyspnea bradycardia, erratic behavior, hallucinogenic in humans

 

Morning Glory: seeds may cause hallucination, may cause diarrhea

 

Nightshade, Tomato Plant: hyper salivation, inaptness, severe gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea, drowsiness, CNS depression, confusion, behavioral change, weakness, dilated pupils, slow heart rate

 

Oleander shrub: vomiting, diarrhea, cardiac abnormalities, decreased body temperature, death

 

Precatory Bean shrub: beans are very toxic, especially if broken or chewed. Can see severe vomiting and diarrhea, increased body temperature, lack of coordination, inaptness and death

 

Sweetheart Ivy: gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea, hyperactivity, breathing difficulty, coma, fever, polydipsia, dilated pupils, muscular weakness and lack of coordination

 

Tulip: intense vomiting, depression, diarrhea, hyper salivation, inappetence

 

Yellow Jasmine: Convulsions, death

 

Yesterday/Today/Tomorrow: Depression, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle tremors, convulsions, increase urinations, lack of coordination, hyperthermia  

 

Yucca: vomiting, depression, diarrhea, drooling, seizures

 

Should your pet eat a substantial part of a toxic plant, rush to your veterinarian as soon as possible. Time can cause a lot of damage. If you can, take the plant or part of it with you for identification.

 

 

Known Food Toxins To Dogs

Fruits, Vegetables, Food

 

Apple, Almond, Apricot, Peach, Wild Cherries, Plum, Balsam Pear, Prunes and similar fruit: Diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, (Stem, Seeds and Leaves) The seeds of most fruits contain cyanide, which is poisonous to dogs as well as humans.

 

Avocados: The fruit, pit and plant are all toxic. They can cause difficulty breathing and fluid accumulation in the chest, abdomen and heart

 

Broccoli: reported to be pretty potent gastrointestinal irritant

 

Cherry: rapid breathing, shock, mouth inflammation, heart rate increase

 

Chocolate: seizures, coma, hyperactivity, rapid heart beat, tremors, death. Bakers chocolate is the most dangerous. A dog can consume milk chocolate and appear to be fine because it is not as concentrated but is still very dangerous.

• 1 oz per lb of body weight for (2 oz per kg) of body weight for bakers chocolate

• 1 oz per 3 lbs of body weight (1 oz per 1.5 kg body weight) for semi-sweet chocolate

• 1 oz per 9lbs of body weight (1 oz per 4 kg) for bakers chocolate

• Please keep in mind that these are only guidelines, and if you suspect your pet had ingested chocolate, please keep an eye out for ANY signs of poisoning! Every dog reacts differently to quantity.

 

Coffee/Tea: Drinks/Foods: containing caffeine or sugar may cause many of the same symptoms chocolate causes

 

Cooked Bones: uncooked bones should be safe but if they are cooked you should refrain because they deteriorate and easily splinter. Can cause extensive damage to internal organs and passage ways, may times resulting in death.

 

Grapes, Raisins, Prunes: kidney failure, as little as a single serving of grapes or raisins can kill a dog. It takes anywhere from 9 oz to 2 lbs of grapes and raisins (between .041 and 1.1 oz/kg of body weight), to cause severe vomiting and diarrhea, and possible kidney failure

 

Mushrooms: acute gastric effects, liver and kidney damage, abdominal pain, nausea, salivation, vomiting

 

Nutmeg: tremors, seizures and death

 

Onion: (cats are more sensitive), gastrointestinal upset, hemolytic anemia, heinz body anemia, hemogloinria, destroys red blood cells

 

Raw Eggs- many people feed raw eggs to their dogs but keep in mind that they can contain salmonella. Dogs do have a higher immunity against salmonella poisoning but are not immune and have been reported to get it from uncooked eggs.

 

Salt: excessive intake can cause kidney problems

 

Tobacco: nausea, salivation, vomiting, tachycardia (rapid heartbeat)

 

 

Following is a full compiled list of plants I've found information that they are known to be toxic. While in some cases, just parts of a plant (bark, leaves, seeds, berries, roots, tubers, spouts, green shells) might be poisonous, this list rules out the whole plant. If you must have any of them, keep them safely out of reach. If a small amount is consumed keep an eye for any changes that become abnormal.

 

Immediately consult a professional at even the slightest change in your pets behavior or health. Time is of great importance in guaranteeing your pets health in poison cases. Should your pet eat a substantial part of a poisonous plant, rush to your veterinarian as soon as possible. If you can, take the plant with you for identification

 

Adam and Eve

African Blood Lily

African blue Lily

African evergreen

African hemp

African milk bush

Agapanthus

Alfalfa (cats)

Almond

Aloe Vera

Alocasia

Amaryllis

American Bittersweet

American elder

American Mistletoe

American Rubber Plant

Ampelopsis

Andromeda Japonica

Angel's Trumpet

Anthurium

Apple (seeds stem leaves)

Apple Leaf Croton

Apple-of-Peru

Apricot (Pits of)

Aralia

Arnica root

Arrowgrass

Arrowhead vine

Asian Lily (liliaceae)

Asparagus Fern

Asparagus

Atamasco Lily

Austrailian umbrella tree

Autumn scilla

Autumn Skullcap

Autumn Crocus

Australian Nut

Avacado (fruit and pit)

Azalea

Baby rubber plant

Baby's Breath

Balsam Pear

Baneberry

Baptisia

Basket Flower

Barley

Bayonet

Bean Boad

Bearsfoot hellebore

Beargrass

Beech

Belladonna

Benjamin tree

Bird of Paradise

Bitter Gourd

Bittersweet

Black cherry

Black-eyed Susan

Black henbane

Black jetbead

Black Locust

Black nightshade

Blackberry lily

Bleeding Heart

Blood lily

Bloodroot

Bluebonnet

Blue cohosh

Blue devil

Blue squill

Bluebead-lily

Blueweed

Bouncing-bet

Box

Box-thorn

Boxwood

Branching Ivy

Broccoli

Buckeyes

Buckeye bottlebrush

Buckeye California

Buckthorn

Buckwheat

Buddist Pine

Buffalo nut

Burning Bush

Buttercup

Butterfly weed

Cactus, Candelabra

Caladium (hortulanum)

Calla Lily

Caper spruge

Cardinal flower

Cardinal flower blue

Cardinal-spear

Carnation

Carolina allspice

Carolina cherry laurel

Carolina Jessamine

Cassava

Castor Bean

Castor oil plant

Celandine

Century plant

Ceriman

Cestrum

Chalice vine

Charming Dieffenbachia

Chenile plant

Cherokee-bean

Cherry (pits, seeds & wilting leaves)

Cherry, most wild varieties

Cherry, ground

Cherry, Laurel

Chigger plant

China tree

Chinaberry tree

Chincherinchee

Chinese Bellflower

Chinese Evergreen

Chinese Lanturn

Chinese Scholoar tree

Chinese yam

Chlorine Lepidella

Christmas flower

Christmas Rose

Churee

Chrysanthemum

Cineria

Cinnamon vine

Clematis

Climbing nightshade

Climbing Onion

Clintonia

Clivia

Clove pinks

Coastal Leucothe

Cockle

Cocoa bean (chocolate) Coffee senna

Coffeeweed

Coleus

Common ivy

Common Poppy

Common Spiderwort

Coontie

Coral Bean

Coralberry

Cordatum

Coriaria

Corn Cockle

Cornflower

Corn Plant

Cornstalk Plant

Corsican Hellebore

Cow-itch

Crab's Eyes

Creeping Cucumber

Creeping Spurge

Crinum lily

Crocus

Crocus Autumn

Crotolaria

Croton

Crowfoot

Crown-of-thorns

Corydalis

Crocus, Autumn

Crown of Thorns

Cuban lily

Cuckoo-pint

Cuban Laurel

Curly Dock

Cutleaf Philodendron

Cycads

Cyclamen

Cypress Spurge

Daffodil

Dahlia

Daphne

Datura

Day Lily

Dead Man's Hand

Deadly Galernia

Deadly Nightshade

Death Angel

Death Camas

Devil's Ivy

Delphinium

Decentrea

Destroying Angel

Devil's ivy

Devil's Trumpet

Devil's walkingstick

Devil's backbone

Devil's Snuff Box

Dieffenbachia

Disporum

Dock

Dog hobble

Dog bane

Dolichos bean

Doll's-eyes

Donkeytail

Downy thorn-apple

Dracaena Palm

Dragon Bones

Dragon Tree

Drooping Leucothe

Dumb Cane

Dutchman's breeches

Dwarf Poinciana

Earthball

Earthstart Scleroderma

Easter Lily *

Eastern redcedar

Eggplant

Elaine

Elderberry Elephant Ear Elephant Ears

Emerald Feather

English Bean

English Holly

English Ivy

English Laurel

Eucalyptus

Euonymus

Euphorbium

European Bittersweet vine

Everlasting Pea

Evergreen

Eyebane

Fairy Lily

Fall Poison

False cactus

False hellebore

False indigo

False Jessamine

False Poinciana

Faya bean

February Daphne

Ferns

Fern Bracken

Fetterbush

Fiddle-leaf fig

Finger tree

Fire Cherry

Firecracker plant

Fishtail Plam

Flax

Flamingo Plant/flower

Florida Arrowroot

Florida Beauty

Florida Leucothoe

Florist's Calla

Flowering Spurge

Fly Agaric

Four O'Clock

Foxglove

French Hydrangea

Fruit Salad Plant

Garden Calla

Carden chrysanthemum

Garland flower Dahne

Gemmed Amanita

Geranium

German Ivy

Giant Dumb Cane

Ginger Lily

Glacier Ivy

Gladiolas

Goat's Rue

Glory Lily

Gold Dieffenbachia

Gold Dust Dracaena

Golden Chain /tree

Golden Club

Golden Glow

Golden hurricane Lily

Golden Pothos

Golden Seal

Golden spider lily

Good Luck Pland

Gopher Purge

Grapes and vine

Green dragon

Green Gill

Green=Spored Parasol

Grevilles "Robyn Gordon"

Ground cherry

Gum

Hahn's Self-Branching Ivy

Hashish

Heartland Philodendron

Heartleaf Philodendron

Heart's a bustin'

Heavenly Bamboo

Heliotrope

Hellebore

Hemlock, Poison

Hemlock, Water

Hemp

Henbane

Hercules' club

Holly/american

Hops

Honeysuckle

Horsebeans

Horsebrush

Horse Chestnuts

Horsehead Philodendron

Horse nettle

Horse radish

Hot Pepper

Houseleek

Hurricane Plant

Hyacinth

Hydrangea

Indian Hemp

Indian Pink

Indian Poke

Indian Rubber Plant

Indian Tobacco

Inkberry

Iris

Iris Ivy

Irish Potato

Italian arum

Ivy Algerian

Ivy Bush

Ivy Canary

Jack in the Pulpit

Jackolanter (mushroom)

Jamestown weed

Janet Craig Dracaena

Japanese andromeda

Japanese Aucumba

Japanese Boxwood

Japanese Honeysuckle

Japanese Pagoda tree

Japanese Poinsettia Japanese Show Lily *

Japanese Skimmia

Japanese Yew Tree

Jasmine

Jasmine confederate

Java Beans

Jequirity

Jessamine

Jerusalem Cherry

Jetberry bush

Jewled Deathcap

Jimson Weed

Johnson grass

Jonquil

Jungle Trumpets

Juniper Common

Kaffir Lily

Kalanchoe

Kentucky coffee tree

Lablab

Lady slipper orchid

Lacy Tree Philodendron

Lace Fern

Lambkill

Lantana

Larkspur

Laurel / cherry

Leadwort

Leatherwood

Lemon scented gum

Lemon yellow Lepiota

Lenten rose

Leopard's bane

Ligustrum

Lilac daphne

Lily

Lily of the Incas

Lily Spider

Lily turf

Lily of the Valley /bush

Lima Bean

Live forever

Lobelia

Locoweed

Loquat

Lords and Ladies

Lucky clover

Lupine

Macadamia Nut (Tree) Madagascar Dragon Tree

Madagascar Periwinkle

Madeira Ivy

Magic Lily

Maidenhair tree

Maleberry

Mandarin

Mandevilla

Mandrake

Manioc

Many Warts

Marble Queen

Marigold

Marijuana

Marsh marigold

Marvel of Peru

Matrimony vine

Mayapple

Meadow Garlic

Meadow Saffron

Medicinal Aloe

Mescal Bean

Mescal Buttons

Mescal

Metel

Mexican Breadfruit

Mexican Pricklepoppy

Mexican Tea

Milfoil

Milkbush

Milkweed

Milkweed common

Miniature Croton

Mistletoe ("American")

Mitsu-ba

Mole plant

Mock Orange

Monkshood

Moonseed

Moonweed

Morning Glory

Mother-in Law's Tongue

Morning Glory

Moses in the cradle

Mother in Law's tounge

Mountain Andromeda

Mountain Fetterbush

Mountain Hydrengia

Mountain Laurel

Mountain snuff

Mountain tobacco

Mushrooms

Mum

Naked Brimcap

Naked ladies

Nandina

Narcissus

Needlepoint Ivy

Nephytis

Night blooming Jessamine

Nightshade

Nutmeg

Oak

Oak leaf Hydrangea

Ohio Buckeye

Oleander

Onion

Opium Poppy

Oriental Lily *

Ornithogalum

Orpine

Oyster plant

Painted buckeye

Painted nettle

Panda

Partridge pea

Pasque flower

Paw Paw

Peace Lily

Peach (pits and wilting leaves)

Pear

Peegee Hydrangea

Periwinkle

Pencil tree

Pencil Cactus

Peony

Pepper chili

Pepper face

Pepper vine

Pernettya

Persian violet

Peruvian Lily

Peyote

Philodendron Pertusum

Pickaback plant

Pigeonberry

Piggyback plant

Pigskin Poison Puffball

Pimpernel

Pin Cherry

Pinapple

Pinkroot

Plum

Plumbago

Plumosa Fern

 Poinciana

Poinsettia (low toxicity)

Poison fool's parsley

Poison Hemlock

Poison Ivy

Poison Oak

Poison Paxillus

Poison Sumac

Poke

Pokeberry

Pokeweed

Popcorn tree

Poppy

Pot

Potato

Pothos

Powder puff lily

Precatory Bean

Prickly pear Cactus

Prickly poppy

Pride of Barbados

Primrose

Privet, Common

Prunes

Purple queen tradescantia

Purple seasbane

Red berried elder

Red hot cattail

Redbird Flower

Resurrection lily

Rhododendron

Rhubarb

Ribbon Plant

Rock poppy

Rosary pea

Rosemary Bog

Rosemary Pea

Roseroot

Rubber euphorbia

Rubber Plant

Rubrum Lily

Rue

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Queen Anne's lace

Queensland Nut (tree)

Rabbit ears cactus

Rain Lily

Rainbow Pinks

Rattlebox

Rattleweed

Red Buckeye

Red Cole

Red Emerald

Red Lily

Red Princess

Red-Margined Dracaena

Red Mulberry

Red Sage

Red Sorrel

Red spider lily

Red Squill

Saddle Leaf Philodendron

Sago Palm

Sassafrass

Sassy Jack

Satin Pothos

Schefflera

Scootberry

Scotch Broom

Sea daffodil

Sea Onion

Sedum

Senecio

Shamrock

Sheep Laurel

Sheep Sorrel

Shell flower

Shell Ginger

Shoofly Plant

Shurb verbena

Shrubby yew Podocarpus

Siberian squill

Sicklepod

Silky oak

Silver Pothos

Skunk Cabbage

Slipper flower

Small leaved rubberplant

Snakeplant

Snakeberry

Sneezeweed

Snow on the mountain

Snowberry

Snowdrops

Snow on the Mountain

Soapberry

Soapwort

Solomons seal

Sorrel

Sowbread

Spathe flower

Spider Lily

Spinach

Spindel tree

Split leave Philodendron

Spotted cowbane

Spotted Dumb Cane

Spotted Laurel

Spotted water hemlock

Spring meadow saffron

Spurge laurel

Spurge nettle

Spurge

Squaw weed

Squirrel corn

Staggerweed

Star of Bethlehem

Star leaf

Stargazer Lily

Stinging nettle

Stinking cedar

Stinking hellebore

Stinkweed

Stonecrop

Strawberry bush

Strawberry tomato

String of Pearls

Striped Dracaena

Sulfur Tuft

Summer Pheasant's ee

Supplejack

Swamp Laurel

Sweet bubby bush

Sweet cherry

Sweet pea

Sweetheart Ivy

Sweet shrub

Swiss Cheese plant

Tailflower

Tansy

Tansy Mustard

Tapioca

Taro Vine

Tea

Thimbleweed

Thorn-apple

Thorn apple

Tiger Lily

Toadstools

Tobacco

Tomato Plant (fruit, stem and leaves)

Torreya

Tree tobacco

Tree Philodendron

Trifoliate orange

Trillium

Tropic Snow (Dumb Cane)

Dieffenbachia

Trumpet creeper

Trumpet flower

Tuberen squill

Tuberous Begonia

Tulip

Tung nut

Tung Oil tree

Tung Tree

Turkey corn

Twisted Stalk

Two leaved Squill

Variable Dieffenbachia

Varigrated Philodendron

Vetchlings

Vinca

Viper's bugloss

Virginia Creeper

Virgin's bower

Wahoo

Wake robin

Warneckei Dracaena

Water arum

Water Hemlock

Water lettuce

Water dragon

Watermelon Plant

Wax Begonia

Waxberry

Weeping Fig

White cohosh

White Mulberry

White potato

White Snakeroot

Wicky

Wicopy

Widow's tears

Wild Call

Wild Calla

Wild Carrot

Wild Cherry

Wild Garlic

Wild Indigo

Wild Parsnip

Wild Tomatoe

Windflower

Windsor bean

Winter Daphne

Wisteria

Wolfberry

Wolfsbane

Wonder flower

Wood Lily

Woodnettle

Woolly Croton

Wormseed

Wormwood

Yarrow

Yaupon Holly

Yellow allamanda

Yellow Buckeye

Yellow Dock

Yellow Jessamine

Yellow Patches

Yellow Pleasted Parasol

Yellow Wart

YesterdayTodayTomorrow

Yew

Zephyr Lily

Zulu potato

 

Yews –

Japanese Yew

English Yew

Western Yew

American Yew

 

This list appeared on a master gardening bulletin board/e-mail list. If you know the author, please e-mail me so I may give proper credit.